polyalphaolefin compatibility chartpolyalphaolefin compatibility chart

One way to achieve a higher VI base fluid is to shift from a decene-based PAO to a dodecene-based PAO. ]-]jW|^X^=E^7J3kgI%_9+v}Fwq{r9 *d(C>~z|7X#o!9lwu{^1se9),7v)mE,wa?t3 a$X{wzVAw}E^:5--_OXY+. Synfluid PAOs are crafted from an on-purpose process that yields a consistent, high-quality product. Group IIIB was unable to consistently pass the TDI or M111 tests. Due to constraints with the supply of 1-decene, the traditional feedstock for PAOs, producers have experimented with alternative feedstocks to meet demand. . 2 shows the flow chart for producing Cu nanolubricants. PAO-based lubricants offer a significant advantage in oxidative stability. PAO- and PAG-based lubricants are both hydrolytically stable and have low pour points. The information from such third party sources is believed to be reliable and accurate; however, Purchaser should make its own determination of compatibility before using any SpillTech product. These oligomers are distilled and hydrogenated to yield specific molecular weight ranges that meet the viscosity grades that are desired. A run through the test: P.V.C. Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. The uniquely beneficial quality of PAOs has been demonstrated in a series of European engine tests. Compatibility for Base Oil Families Soluble in large fraction Weakly soluble Insoluble Varies with grade Solvent Compatibility for Base Oil Families Note 1: For cross reference to trade names, consult Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, '97, McGraw-Hill Company, New York, 1997. The chart below shows a comparison of the foaming characteristics of our Synfluid mPAO high-viscosity base oils with traditional high-viscosity PAO 40 and 100 cSt base oils. PAOs are the most common synthetic basestock used in industrial and automotive lubricants. endobj Additionally, PAOs have high viscosity indices, which lead to less film thickness reduction at elevated temperatures. Applications for PAO-based lubricants expanded to circulating and gear oils. endobj Several synthetic base oil types fall into the SHC category. startxref cally stable, have good compatibility with mineral oils and can be combined with other more polar synthetic basestocks (e.g. Adobe InDesign CS6 (Macintosh) As the chart above clearly demonstrates, the difference in viscosity as a function of shear rate is magnified as temperature decreases. Glad you asked! Therefore, reducing the temperature is generally beneficial in extending the life of a lubricant. 0000000724 00000 n The relationship between antioxidants (A.O.) Later used in many industrial applications from compressor, hydraulic, and turbine fluids to gear oils and metalworking fluids. Synthetic basestocks, more so than in mineral oil basestocks, are the primary contributor to most of the basic properties of the lubricant, including oil or water solubility, low-temperature fluidity, lubrication, volatility, ignitability, and seal and paint compatibility. 0000033361 00000 n Based on recent average gas prices, conserving just 1% to 2% of the U.S. fuel consumption per year would save $14 million per day. This is a recurring situation and is what led to the development of 1-dodecene based Synfluid PAOs in 1995. Since then, the company has expanded PAO as well as ethylene production, both basic building blocks for many petrochemical processes. %PDF-1.4 % 3.0 CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY GUIDE FOR METALLIC MATERIALS In addition to this chemical compatibility chart, report TR-60C, Bal Seal has two other reports: report TR-60A "Chemical Compatibility Guide for Bal Seal PTFE, Filled PTFE, and Polyethylene Seal polyalphaolefin compatibility chart. This is especially true when you consider the entire operating temperature range including startup. High molecular weight compounds will degrade pour point, cold crank and other low-temperature viscometrics. We have measured a 25 percent improvement in oxidation induction times simply by decreasing the test temperature by 10 degrees. Give us a call, and well be happy to discuss our high-quality Synfluid PAOs with you. 142 0 obj <>stream 0000042568 00000 n Better heat transfer coefficients, increased lubricity and the basic chemical structure of PAOs all contribute to the lower temperature in the gearbox. Ethylene is produced by cracking either crude oil or natural gas. But wait, it gets even better! <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 163 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> With the powerful combination of MOLYKOTE Specialty Lubricants and DuPont Polymers, our understanding of grease-polymer compatibility allows our customers the unique ability to select products faster and move through validations with confidence. 0000139372 00000 n proof:pdf However, Group III base stocks are derived from multiple feedstock choices and processing technologies, which create variability in the properties. 0000034554 00000 n When you compound this with difficult operating conditions, such as extreme temperatures, high loads or extended operations, a high-quality base oil may be necessary. PAOs derived from 1-dodecene can improve many properties, including volatility. As oil volatilizes, the viscosity increase will result in poorer overall performance. Using PAOs with biobased oils can provide both high performance and biodegradability. Base Oil Compatibility Chart Base Oil . 168 0 obj %%EOF Because a certain level of biodegradability can be achieved without sacrificing PAOs key benefits, a finished lubricant based on a PAO/biobased blend will maintain superior properties over an extended period of time, resulting in less waste. The chart below shows the gas chromatogram of PAO versus white mineral oil, illustrating the relative enhanced purity of PAO. startxref If a certain application can sacrifice a 10 15C increase in the pour point, then there is as much as a 25% improvement in volatility, as shown in the chart below. Grease is a solid to semi-fluid lubricant, typically used for difficult to service equipment, such as bearings or suspension systems. PAOs are used extensively in automotive fluids as well as hydraulic, gear and bearing oils, working in extremely cold climates or hot applications. <>stream Satisfactory to 72 F. 3. Other base oil properties need to be considered. '0v^ Ln 1qDP]C[,z[v(u_g.Fh{K>8rI,[GV&mE}^ 9S87PGgT hO"4=]3JVp ZmU[@=ocLV]P *y`# dY'!3!IP0O. The vast number of high-quality base oil choices can be confusing when balancing fuel efficiency and wear protection. Water for liquid cooling comes from different sources. Volatility is a concern for many applications, especially where higher operating temperatures occur or longer service life is desired. 0000001493 00000 n Sometimes, one plus one can equal more than two. 232 0 obj guide for chemical uses Sustained operations at elevated temperatures increase the rate of oxidation and other degradation reactions. The superior benefits of PAOs enable formulators to meet these challenges. Synfluid PAOs, in addition to NSF H1 qualification, are also available as kosher approved products. 99 0 obj For instance, boosting the additive package with an additional 0.4% aminic antioxidant, in combination with the Synfluid PAO base oil, achieved a 35 percent improvement in HPDSC results. endobj 0000036029 00000 n 0000001332 00000 n www.topworx.com Epoxy Polycarbonate PBT Brass 316 S.S. 304 S.S. 400 S.S. Aluminum Viton Buna N Neoprene EPDM Silicone Ammonium Phosphate, Monobasic A C B B B A A A A A Ammonium Phosphate, Tribasic A B B B B A A A A A Ammonium Sulfate A B B B A A A A A A Ammonium Thiosulfate A A A Amyl Acetate A A A A B A D D . Dominant in a commercial sense are polyethylene and polypropylene. The chart below shows that the PAO has a higher specific heat, which means that the PAO is better at absorbing heat. Both basestock types have low volatility and high fire points (when stabilized) for a given viscosity grade. polyalphaolefin compatibility chart Posted by . uuid:df0b74fe-2082-ca4e-860d-fb6b88ddfe4d PAO-base oils help improve fuel economy in engine and drivetrain oils by reducing viscosity, volatility and traction coefficients as the chart below shows: These results show the potential for reducing friction loss using PAOs, which also typically have lower pressure-viscosity coefficients than mineral oils reducing elastohydrodynamic gear friction losses and energy consumption. For instance, excellent water separation improves compressor operability by reducing the chance of emulsion formation. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 164 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> Well be happy to help you solve your lubricant concerns. PAG basestocks are classified as a Group V oil, meaning a synthetic basestock that is not defined as a Group I, II, III, or IV base oil. endstream 4 Chemicals PVC CPVC PP PVDF ABS. For other applications, PAOs safe and non-toxic nature allows them to be used where incidental food contact certification or kosher approval is necessary. You would expect the viscosity to improve with a lower pour point, but the opposite is true. From left-to-right, Ken Hope, General PAO Technical Services Manager; EngSoon Ho, Asia PAO Sales Manager; Emanuele Quattrone, EMEA PAO Sales Manager; Katie Clark, Americas PAO Sales Manager. D = Severe Effect, not recommended for ANY use. Working in conjunction with the Union Carbide Chemicals, Plastics Company Inc., and the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, the USNRL developed the first water-glycol, PAG-thickened, fire-resistant hydraulic fluid (WGHF). General properties of low- and high-viscosity conventional PAO, and metallocene-catalyzed mPAO basestocks, are shown in Table 4. 0000001216 00000 n The chart below shows specific properties of four of our PAO grades that are well-suited to metalworking applications. Furthermore, thermal conductivity at 300F for PAO 6 is 0.085 compared to 0.071 Btuft/(hft2F) for an equiviscous mineral oil, which means that the PAO can conduct 20percent more heat than the mineral oil for better heat dissipation. PAO quality is unrivaled in the industry. Defense Daily subscriber and registered users, please log in here to access the content. 176 0 obj This new system improves the viscosity properties, which should be more energy conserving and achieves the ultimate biodegradation rating ASTM D5864-PW1. 0000001211 00000 n General properties of water-soluble, water-insoluble, and oil-soluble PAG basestocks are shown in Table 1. Compatibility testing includes heating and holding grease for a specified time at assumed operating temperature for mixtures of 10:90, 50:50 and 90:10. When unsure of a components precise identity or version, the manufacturer Were here to help. endobj endobj This clearly shows that a PAO base oil substitution can significantly lower operating temperatures of the gear box and extend the required maintenance interval. Polyphenols are a complicated group of plant-based chemicals. However, VI doesnt tell the whole story it only reflects the viscosity/temperature relationship between 40C and 100C. 0000041967 00000 n Process Chemical Compatibility Guide 0000022832 00000 n In addition, a PAO-based multi-purpose grease can be formulated to be both H1 and kosher approved. Naval Research Laboratory (USNRL) was begun to develop hydraulic fluids that would be more fire-resistant than the ones used at the time based on mineral oil. 0000161553 00000 n polyalphaolefin compatibility chart. Three stringent test standards required by Volkswagen and Mercedes-Benz engines show the impact of the variability of Group III oils: This data illustrates lot-to-lot variability, which has been recognized for the Group III oils. The magnitude of these benefits will depend on the particular formulation. These synthetic hydrocarbons are designed to provide superior lubrication performance over a wider operating-temperature range than petroleum oils and typically are less volatile. Since there are no other discernable compounds, Synfluid PAOs are more readily biodegradable and can be used for some food applications. xb```f``5``c`X% @kVTW(4n5@,6$ ^09z| R/'T4D:/Iih2f/W8 CV@Vb n m[ iF ^` -2 There are several systems where we have observed a reduction in the operating temperature compared to mineral oils, including transmissions, engines and heat transfer applications. 11 46 And we pioneered and patented our unique C12-based PAOs in the 1990s. endobj According to the U.S. government, biobased is defined as at least 44% biobased carbon content for hydraulic fluids. Absolutely! For instance, many producers have tailored production to Group II+ stocks at 118119 VI, just below the ambiguous Group III limit of 120VI. The VI trend is only true for a family of base oils. Polyalphaolefins offer great high temperature properties and low volatility. The chart differentiates the blending capabilities of various base oils to meet energy-efficient motor oils. PAO-based lubricants generally resist creep and water washout and offer good lubricity across a variety of substrate material pairings, including metal-to-metal and metal-to-plastic. H}vUwUw^MwS`y{vV|&s@@9H"61O}/oi~3}\y{)2| U:iY?_/}|(P^@m`kbu_?>sG-rj?~-r[?wp_2W,)!BkBkB*.]Y""ZBmSB&,zB}B+!B]}u}>gSSS However, these products have demonstrated unique advantages in Sequence IIIF, VW T4 and TDI tests due to many of the other properties that are inherent in them. 0000013783 00000 n The first step is the synthesis of oligomers (polymers with few repeating monomer units) from the linear alpha-olefin. Polyalphaolefins (PAO)-60 to 125 C Stable, lubricious fluids compatible with most plastics and elastomers. With many new base oils being introduced to the market, lubricant consistency can really be a challenge. The superior low-temperature flow characteristics of PAOs ensure faster coating of critical parts in the compressor during startup, minimizing wear. The VI of Synfluid mPAO 40 and 100 cSt is 170 and 194, respectively. 2014-03-26T09:16:41-05:00 They may also be used to develop high-performance, environmentally friendly lubricants. Chevron Phillips Chemical has consistently said that we would bring something to the market when we could provide products that are unique and offer advantages to our customers. The challenge presented to a formulator is maintaining the performance levels while achieving biodegradability. The chart below shows an example of an engine oil formulation with two different quality PAOs. %PDF-1.6 % There are other advantages, such as oxidative and thermal stability, which you would naturally expect from a PAO-based product. Blending lower-quality base oils into this formulation would compromise the passing mark. This formulation achieved a 13% benefit when the PAO was directly substituted with Synfluid PAO. You can see a medical doctor for your burn, but Dr. Ken Hope can help with your base oil and formulation challenges. Process Chemical Compatibility Guide Increased Recreational Boating Activities to Fuel Marine Lubricants Demand in the U.S. Biosynthetic Technologies Announces The Launch Of A New Line Of Oleo Derived Additives For Metalworking Fluid Applications, Fluitec Becomes World's First Industrial Lubricant Company to Achieve B Corp Certification, Unboxing: Mystik JT-9 LeakShield AW Hydraulic Oil, FS9V4 Particle Pal Plus w/ Atten2 Particle Counting & ID Technology, Shell Turbine Oil with Gas To Liquid Technology (Turbo S4 X & GX), Why machines fail and what you can do to prevent it, Developed in the 1930s; first commercial engine oils in 1970s, Made from ethylene gas; still crude oil/natural gas dependent, Higher temperature resistance than mineral oil, PAO up to approximately 160C (320F) continuous service; 270C (520F) intermittent, No wax content, therefore best low temperature of all synthetics (approximately minus 50C to minus 60C or minus 70F), Higher VI (approximately 130 to 140) than mineral oil (nearly 100), Less volatile than mineral oil (higher flash point, less flammable, lower hydrocarbon emissions), Polyalphaolefin base oil not necessarily less wear than mineral base oil (additive-dependent property), Problems very non-polar (low natural solvency, additive solubility, lower lubricity and, Must blend in 5 to 20 percent ester base oil for seal swell, additive solubility and lubricity, Costs four times more than mineral oil, less than other synthetics. Whichever low-viscosity base oil is used, it must exhibit viscosity stability and low volatility. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 158 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> 0000016208 00000 n Changes in low-temperature viscometrics and oxidative stability requirements demand higher-quality base oils. PAG-based lubricants are polar (water-soluble PAG > water-insoluble PAG > oil-soluble PAG), where PAO-based lubricants are essentially non-polar. Of course, and your options are growing! Chevron Phillips Chemical has been producing two families of PAOs for close to 25 years. Specific tests such as the Volkswagen T-4, TDI and Peugeot TU-5 have increased the demand for higher-quality base oils. Use our Chemical Compatibility Chart as guide for evaluating the resistance of polymer and metal materials to a wide range of chemicals found in industrial . Synfluid PAOs have helped you to meet industry specifications in the past. Lowering torque reduces the energy requirements of the equipment and improves grease distribution. 0000000891 00000 n One reason for moving to low-viscosity oils is to focus on initial and long-term fuel economy. Please dont hesitate to reach out to us if you have any questions! Their polymerization can benefit greatly from the development of highly active and highly selective catalysts, as the catalysts strongly affect their properties. Polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and polyalphaolefin (PAO) are two synthetic lubricant options for industrial applications. Engine oil tests such as VW T-4 and Seq. These 1-dodecene-based products (Synfluid 2.5, 5, 7 and 9cSt PAOs) are now recognized to have superior performance in their own applications. Chemical Compatibility Guide Level of maintenance and labor available. Not necessarily. Tiny bubbles these can cause major issues, such as shorter lubricant life, increased fluid compressibility, lower fluid viscosity and cavitation. California Transparency in Supply Chains Act Disclosure. A similar approach can be applied to your formulations or applications. 169 0 obj They're found in everyday food and available as supplements. 1 - High Resistance 2 - Limited Resistance 3 - No Resistance . The viscosity at an extreme pressure (hp) changes exponentially with pressure (P) as described in the following formula: a is the pressure coefficient for a base oil. converted Using the same PAO, we achieved 15 percent higher oxidative stability by increasing the A.O. It is possible to get added property benefits from C12-based Synfluid PAOs. There are multiple formulations behind the science of synthetic lubricants that can complicate making the right choice for any application. Meet additional regulations (fire-resistance, environmental acceptability). PAOs on the other hand are derived from a clearly defined processing technology using petrochemically pure alpha olefins. However, nothing is perfect, and polyalphaolefin base oils do have a few negative characteristics. The term synthetic hydrocarbon (SHC) is a general term. 0000001726 00000 n During 2011, Chevron Phillips Chemical acquired PAO assets in Beringen, Belgium, and began mPAO production in Texas. You see, PAOs are carefully designed, not refined. Thermal conductivity is the measure of the ability to conduct heat. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each can help end-users decide which option is best for a given application. Compatible with seals and paint used with mineral oil, no need for change at all operating temperatures. Initially, it was intended to fill the gap in supply and was found to be exceptionally suitable for applications where extremely low pour points were not necessary. We look forward to helping you consolidate your grease cabinet! Copyright 2023 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC. Our C10-based products, commercialized in the 1970s, were the first in the market. They are usually derived from a small set of simple olefins ( alkenes ). The Scanning Brookfield chart on this page demonstrates the difference in viscometrics between a Synfluid PAO and a pour point depressed mineral oil. The chart below shows the operating temperature range of a PAO-based, OMG process grease versus comparable mineral-oil-based grease. The chart compares two different formulations, one with PAO and another with Group III mineral oils The End of Test viscosity increase left very little room for error in the Group III formulation. 95 0 obj Polypropylene Satisfactory to 72 F. C Moderate effectFair D Severe effectNot recommended FOOTNOTES 1. Since PAO fluids are synthetic hydrocarbons, they are compatible with and often combined with mineral-based oils. Leaking fluids from equipment used in sensitive geographical areas can have long-term negative consequences on the environment. Typically, petroleum-base oils are not synonymous with terms like green or environmentally friendly. endobj Benefits of the new system are a much higher viscosity index (VI), superior pour points and improved low-temperature fluidity, all of which contribute to improved energy efficiency. DuPont, the DuPont Oval Logo, and all trademarks and service marks denoted with , or are owned by affiliates of DuPont de Nemours, Inc. unless otherwise noted. endobj The direct feedstock (normal alpha olefin NAO) is produced through the chain growth and displacement process for producing petrochemically pure alpha olefins. Regarding the A.O. The effects of the shear rate differences are even more exaggerated at low-temperature startup conditions, when the lubricant function is critical for equipment protection. Each lubricant type will be the best choice for different sets of use parameters, including: PAO-based lubricants may be preferred when the following lubricant attributes are targeted: PAG-based lubricants may be preferred when the following lubricant attributes are targeted: If end-users are in doubt about which lubricant would best suit their needs, it is recommended that an expert be contacted to assist with the decision-making process. PAOs are Newtonian fluids; in other words, their viscosities are fairly independent of shear rate. %PDF-1.4 % Thats a hot topic! The PAOs . We have found that Synfluid metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs) not only have low foaming characteristics, but they also exhibit rapid air release when compared to traditional high-viscosity PAOs. As temperature increases, a higher VI fluid will give increased fluid film thickness, which could result in lower wear. Consistent feedstocks give rise to consistent PAO quality, resulting in consistent finished fluid performance. High-viscosity PAO fluids have also become popular in industrial fluids and greases. The grease is then inspected for visual abnormalities and can be tested for penetration and four-ball wear change. <> CHEMICAL RESISTANCE CHART. Refined mineral oils often contain sulfurs, aromatics and other compounds that can erode the quality and consistency of a mineral oil. Specifically, soybean-derived oils or other bio-derived oils alone would not meet some oxidative stability and low-temperature performance requirements. With todays oils requiring a higher-quality lubricant basestock to meet more stringent tests, polyalphaolefins are perfectly tailored and consistently manufactured to meet the challenge. We believe it can be understood by looking at the thermal conductivity and specific heat of the base oils. Polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and polyalphaolefin (PAO) are two synthetic lubricant options for industrial applications. In drivetrain lubricants, reducing the traction coefficient and lowering viscosity are key ways to increase fuel economy, but lower viscosity must be balanced to provide adequate wear resistance. Furthermore, the arbitrary distinction of 120 VI between Group II and III oils makes the quality requirements even more confusing. Each 10C temperature rise can reduce oxidative stability by half. This is a far greater benefit than can be achieved from other base oils. 0000035588 00000 n <>>> These include PAOs and also relatively common polyisobutenes (PIB), which are sometimes used as oil additives or as base oils in two-stroke engines. More uniform in structure than conventional PAO basestocks, they provide similar advantages of high viscosity indices, excellent low-temperature fluidity, and shear stability but with additional thickening ability. M/ B#z9lBGaB=]yz!sG !*, general guideline for pump material selection, from application/x-indesign to application/pdf. xmp.did:00801174072068118083E936383AAE83 The second step is the hydrogenation of the remaining double bonds (unsaturation) in the oligomer and subsequent distillation to separate the unreacted monomer and light-viscosity grade PAO. The lower volatility decreases oil replacement costs by reducing oil consumption. Its estimated that over 100 million gallons of fluids leak from hydraulic machinery and other lubricant equipment in North America each year! At that time, both fires on U.S. Navy ships and aircraft were occurring due to the use of mineral oil-based hydraulic fluids. As pressure increases, so too does the viscosity of the lubricant. All rights reserved. The direct feedstock (normal alpha olefin - NAO) is produced through the chain growth and displacement process for producing petrochemically pure alpha olefins. trailer High energy costs have hit both businesses and consumers hard, and the pressure is on to conserve. As the viscosity grade decreases, the volatility and high-temperature/high-shear viscosity will be limiting factors. More importantly, however, was product performance. material chemical compatibility Oxidative and other lubricant degradation mechanisms would follow the same trend. The rotary bomb bench test is a strong predictor of how base oils will perform in many automotive and industrial applications. 2023 Access Intelligence, LLC - All Rights Reserved. To correctly identify what type of fluid is needed, the end-user must know the minimum lubricant requirements for that piece of equipment. This article will discuss the most common synthetic fluids aiming to help end-users make the right choice for their applications. As an example of the improved low-temperature torque properties of the PAO-based grease, the chart below shows torque values for Chemtools CSC 980 grease under ASTM D 4693 test conditions for rotation of a wheel-bearing assembly at -40C. Jun 09, 2022. polyalphaolefin compatibility chart . The chart below shows pressure coefficient comparisons between PAOs and Group III mineral oils versus pressure: Gear systems are specially designed and require highly specialized lubricants. endobj Both the foam tendency (the initial amount of foam generated in this test) and the time required for the foam to collapse are remarkably better for Synfluid mPAO. 180 0 obj Use this chart to help guide your component selection. 0000004079 00000 n 0000001764 00000 n A grease formulated with Synfluid PAO and OMGs Calciplex grease precursor could yield a multipurpose product, which allows for consolidation of your grease inventory. C12-derived PAOs also provide advantages with higher Viscosity Index (VI), better flash/fire points, and even lower cold crank simulated viscosities. The plot below shows a comparison of the air release times exhibited by ISO VG 320 blends composed of our Synfluid mPAOs, and traditional HV PAOs with PAO 8 cSt. So, whether used for gear or engine oils, PAOs provide more consistent properties and a level of purity not available from other base oil groups. Although PAOs are not considered biobased themselves, in a blend they contribute certain performance benefits. Oils made with PAOs demonstrate an inherently high viscosity index and maintain excellent low-temperature performance, compared with mineral oils. As a result, the jump in the viscosity adversely effects the ability to pump at low temperatures. The ability of a lubricant to reach critical metal-to-metal interfaces in a gear system can be the difference between operation or shutdown. <]/Prev 170099>> In the past three years, European specifications for volatility and oxidative stability have become significantly more stringent. PAO basestocks were developed in the 1930s and used commercially as a base for engine oils starting in the 1970s. Meet new original equipment manufacturer and industry standard requirements. 0000034419 00000 n trailer <<1656AD0EDA344239AE3641B5710538C3>]/Prev 1036271>> startxref 0 %%EOF 296 0 obj <>stream The reason a PAO is selected as a lubricant basestock is its ability to improve performance and solve problems. Available on demand until February 16, 2024. Our team of experts answer the most frequently asked questions. The chart below shows how Synfluid PAOs can help meet these challenges with the excellent volatility properties of our PAO 5, 7 and 9 cSt grades.
Carole Brown Bobby Brown, Voluntary Dismissal Michigan, Waterfront Homes For Sale In San Marco Jacksonville, Fl, Bill Ritter First Marriage, Jean Christensen Andre The Giant Wife, Articles P